Clonidine Hydrochloride
Clonidine hydrochloride hmoovyog ib qho tshuaj antihypertensive. Nws yog feem ntau siv los kho mob migraine, mob hnyav dysmenorrhea, menopausal kub flashes, glaucoma, thiab kub siab rau nruab nrab, nrog rau kub siab ua ke nrog glaucoma. Nws tuaj yeem noj ib leeg lossis nrog lwm cov tshuaj uas txo cov ntshav siab. Lub plasma concentration ntawm clonidine peaks ntawm kwv yees li 3-5 teev, thiab plasma ib nrab-lub neej yog 12-16 teev. Lub plasma ib nrab-lub neej nce mus rau 41 teev hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj lub raum tsis zoo. Hauv 24 teev ntawm kev tswj hwm, 40-60% ntawm cov tshuaj nqus tau raug tshem tawm raws li cov tshuaj tsis hloov pauv hauv cov zis. Lub siab metabolizes ib ncig ntawm ib nrab ntawm cov tshuaj absorbed. Nws ua ncaj qha rau hauv nruab nrab postsynaptic membrane -2 receptors nyob rau hauv lub hypothalamus thiab medulla oblongata, activating inhibitory neurons thiab txo cov tawm ntawm central sympathetic paj hlwb impulses, inhibiting peripheral sympathetic paj hlwb kev ua si. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm -2 receptors ntawm presynaptic daim nyias nyias ntawm peripheral sympathetic qab haus huv, txhim kho lawv cov kev tawm tswv yim tsis zoo, txo qhov tso tawm ntawm norepinephrine los ntawm cov hlab ntsha peripheral, txo qis peripheral vascular thiab lub raum vascular tsis kam, ua rau lub plawv dhia qeeb. tus nqi thiab txo cov ntshav siab. Yog li, Yog tias koj txaus siab rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab, thov hu rau Xi'an Sonwu. Xi'an Sonwu tuaj yeem muab cov ntshiab clonidine Hcl rau koj.
Dab tsi yog Cov Txheej Txheem Ntawm Kev Ua Ntawm Clonidine Hydrochloride
1. Mechanism
Clonidine Hcl yog ib tug -receptor agonist, uas ncaj qha nkoos lub hauv paus postsynaptic membrane 2 receptors nyob rau hauv lub hypothalamus thiab oblongata, excitating inhibitory neurons, txo cov outgoing ntawm central sympathetic paj hlwb impulses, yog li inhibiting peripheral sympathetic paj hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws nce qhov kev tawm tswv yim tsis zoo ntawm peripheral sympathetic paj hlwb stimulation, txhim kho 2 receptors ntawm presynaptic membrane ntawm peripheral hlab ntsha, txo peripheral thiab lub raum vascular tsis kam, slows down lub plawv dhia, thiab txo cov ntshav siab. Tsis tshua muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lub raum cov ntshav ntws los yog qhov glomerular pom tus nqi. Cov tsos mob ntawm orthostatic yog me me los yog tsawg, thiab orthostatic hypotension tsis tshua tshwm sim. Clonidine Hcl ua rau nruab nrab (15% mus rau 20%) txo qis hauv supine cardiac output yam tsis hloov peripheral vascular tsis kam.
2. Mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm qib molecular
Clonidine Hcl ua raws li kev xaiv agonist ntawm alpha{0}} receptors, khi rau cov receptors hauv lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum thiab ua raws li ntuj tsim alpha-2 receptor agonism. Cov nyhuv agonistic no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam lom neeg, suav nrog vasodilation thiab txo qis hauv plawv dhia.
3. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub cev tag nrho
Cov teebmeem ntawm clonidine hydrochloride nyob rau hauv tag nrho physiological system koom nrog cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:
Sympathetic Nervous System Inhibition: Los ntawm activating alpha{0}} receptors, clonidine Hcl suppresses sympathetic paj hlwb kev ua si. Qhov kev tiv thaiv no ua rau inhibited tso tawm ntawm norepinephrine, yog li txo qhov kev xav ntawm lub paj hlwb stimulation ntawm cov hlab plawv system, nrog rau lub plawv thiab cov hlab ntsha.
Txo cov vascular tsis kam: Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm clonidine hydrochloride relaxes vascular du nqaij, ua rau txo qis peripheral vascular kuj. Qhov ntawd txhawb cov hlab ntsha dilation thiab pab txo cov ntshav siab.
Ua rau lub plawv dhia qeeb: Clonidine Hcl txo cov contractility thiab lub plawv dhia ntawm lub plawv los ntawm nws qhov kev ua. Qhov ntawd ua rau lub plawv txo qis ua rau lub plawv dhia, uas ua rau lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm thiab txo cov ntshav siab.
4. cuam tshuam rau lwm lub cev lub cev
Ntxiv nrog rau kev kho mob ntshav siab, nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lwm cov kab mob physiological, xws li:
Central Nervous System: Clonidine Hcl tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, ua rau qaug zog thiab sedation.
Lwm yam teebmeem tshwm sim: Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm clonidine hydrochloride kuj tseem muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem physiological thiab pathophysiological sib txawv, xws li kev hloov kho mob thiab kev saib xyuas tsis txaus siab.
Clonidine Hydrochloride siv rau dab tsi
1. Mob ntshav siab (High Blood Pressure)
Clonidine Hcl feem ntau yog siv los kho cov ntshav siab. Nws txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb sympathetic, uas ua rau vasodilation thiab txo qis ntshav siab.
2. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Nws yog qee zaum siv tawm daim ntawv lo los tswj cov tsos mob ntawm ADHD, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tib neeg uas yuav tsis teb zoo los yog zam cov tshuaj stimulant uas feem ntau sau rau ADHD.
3. Kev ntxhov siab vim
Clonidine Hcl tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev kho mob tshwj xeeb kev ntxhov siab vim nws cov teebmeem soothing. Nws tuaj yeem pab txo cov tsos mob ntawm kev ntxhov siab, txawm hais tias nws tsis yog feem ntau suav tias yog thawj kab kev kho mob rau kev ntxhov siab.
4. Kev rho tawm Opioid
Qee zaum, cov tsos mob ntawm kev tshem tawm opioid, nrog rau kev ntxhov siab, ntxhov siab, tawm hws, thiab ntshav siab, tuaj yeem txo tau los ntawm nws. Nws tuaj yeem pab tswj cov tsos mob tshem tawm thiab pab txhawb kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov neeg uas tau txais kev tshem tawm opioid.
5. Tourette Syndrome
Qee qhov xwm txheej, nws yuav raug sau tseg los tswj cov tics cuam tshuam nrog Tourette syndrome, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lwm cov kev kho mob tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig lossis tsis kam lees zoo.
6. Cov tsos mob menopausal
Clonidine Hcl tuaj yeem siv los txo qhov kub thiab txias thiab lwm yam tsos mob menopausal hauv cov poj niam.
Yog Clonidine Hydrochloride Safe
Cov kev mob tshwm sim feem ntau yog tsawg heev thiab feem ntau ploj mus yog tias noj tshuaj ntxiv. Qhov feem ntau tshwm sim (lawv qhov tshwm sim yog kev noj tshuaj) yog qhov ncauj qhuav, tsaug zog, kiv taub hau, cem quav, thiab sedation. Nws tau raug tshaj tawm tias tsawg kawg ntawm cov neeg mob uas tau noj clonidine hydrochloride tib lub sijhawm muaj cov kev tsis zoo hauv qab no. Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov kev tsis zoo no tsis tau txiav txim siab.
1. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muaj xws li qaug zog; qaug zog; mob taub hau; thiab tshem tawm syndrome. Tsis tas li ntawd, daj ntseg, tsis muaj zog Coombs 'kev sim, nce rhiab heev rau cawv, thiab kub taub hau.
2. Qee zaus, cov tsos mob orthostatic ntawm cov hlab plawv muaj xws li palpitations, tachycardia, thiab bradycardia, raynaud's tshwm sim, congestive plawv tsis ua hauj lwm, thiab electrocardiographic abnormalities (xws li, sinoatrial node suppression, functional bradycardia, ntau AV blocks, thiab arrhyth). Sinoatrial bradycardia thiab atrioventricular block muaj qee zaus tau tshaj tawm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis tshua muaj nrog thiab tsis siv cov digoxin concomitant.
3. Ntshai thiab zoo siab nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus paj hlwb; kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab insomnia. Qee lub sij hawm, kev hloov tus cwj pwm, kev hnov lus lossis npau suav phem, nyob tsis tswm, ntxhov siab, hnov lus pom, thiab delirium tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
4. Cov kab mob dermatological; pruritus; urticaria thiab angioedema; alopecia.
5. Mob plab hnyuv thiab ntuav; anorexia thiab gastrointestinal tsis xis nyob; me me lub sij hawm luv luv lub siab ua haujlwm tsis zoo; Qee zaus kab mob siab, mumps, cem quav, pseudo-obstruction, thiab mob plab.
6. txo qis kev ua plees ua yi, impotence, thiab poob siab ntawm kev sib deev hauv genitourinary system; nocturia; nyuaj tso zis; tso zis.
7. Thrombocytopenia qee zaus pom hauv hematology.
8. Metabolic hnyav nce; gynecomastia; Qee lub sij hawm luv luv cov ntshav qab zib nce siab lossis ntshav creatine phosphokinase.
9. Cov leeg nqaij thiab pob txha pob txha lossis pob qij txha thiab pob qij txha.
10. Qee lub sij hawm cov nasal mucosa qhuav yog pom nyob rau hauv Department of Oral, Otolaryngology, thiab Otolaryngology.
11. Ophthalmology: Qhov muag qhuav, qhov muag kub hnyiab, thiab qhov muag tsis pom kev.
Yog tias koj xav paub cov chaw tsim khoom clonidine hydrochloride, hu rau Xi'an Sonwu. Nyem rau email, thiab tom qab ntawd koj tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo clonidine hydrochloride.
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